Abstract The Cerrado biome is the second largest Brazilian biome, which has been suffering from the negative impacts on its original area. Such impacts can be measured by bioindicators such as ants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of ants associated with two areas of different phytophysiognomies in the Cerrado biome and an eucalyptus plantations, in Monte Carmelo - MG (18º43'29” S and 47º29'55" O). For the characterization of the ant fauna, pitfall traps were installed 10 m apart, in three distinct areas: Várzea, Cerradão (typical vegetation of the Cerrado biome) and Eucalyptus sp. plantations. Collections were carried out monthly, from January to December 2018. Eight traps per area were used, totaling 24 traps on each collection date. After 48 hours of exposure, the material collected in the traps were gathered and taken to the laboratory for sorting and subsequent identification. In this period, the greatest abundance of ants was found in the Eucalyptus area (749), followed by Várzea (291) and Cerradão (274) areas. The evaluated areas have the same ant species richness, being that seventeen species of ants were found in each area, which corroborated the rarefaction curve that identified a significant difference between areas. Higher levels of diversity and equitability (H´ = 2.07 and J´ = 0.73) were shown in Cerradão area. The Venn diagram indicated that the three areas shared 10 species of ants. In this respect, the Cerradão area presented Azteca alfari, Linepithema neotropicum, and Ectatomma opaciventre as exclusive species, while the other areas presented two species each. The indexes of diversity, equitability, and composition of the ant fauna found, characterize the Cerradão area as an ecologically more balanced environment.

Resumo O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro e vem sofrendo com os impactos negativos em sua área original. Tais impactos podem ser mensurados por meio de bioindicadores, dentre os quais, destacam-se as formigas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a diversidade de formigas associadas a duas áreas de diferentes fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado e um plantio de eucalipto, em Monte Carmelo - MG (18º43’29” S e 47º29'55" O). Para a caracterização da mirmecofauna, foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda, instaladas a 10 m de distância entre si, no interior de três áreas distintas: Várzea e Cerradão (vegetação típica do bioma Cerrado) e um plantio de Eucalyptus sp. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Em cada coleta utilizaram-se oito armadilhas por área, totalizando 24 armadilhas. Após 48 horas de exposição, o material coletado nas armadilhas foi recolhido e levado ao laboratório para triagem e sequente identificação. No período do estudo, foi encontrada a maior abundância de formigas na área de Eucalipto (749), seguidas das áreas Várzea (291) e Cerradão (274). As áreas avaliadas possuem a mesma riqueza de espécies de formigas, sendo que foram encontradas 17 espécies de formigas em cada área, o que corroborou com a curva de rarefação que não identificou diferença significativa entre as áreas. A área de Cerradão apresentou maiores índices de diversidade e equitabilidade (H´ = 2,07 e J´ = 0,73). O diagrama de Venn indicou que as três áreas compartilharam 10 espécies de formigas entre si. Nesse aspecto, a área de Cerradão apresentou Azteca alfari, Linepithema neotropicum e Ectatomma opaciventre, como espécies exclusivas, enquanto as demais áreas apresentaram duas espécies cada. Os índices de diversidade, equitabilidade e composição da mirmecofauna encontrados, caracterizam a área de Cerradão como um ambiente ecologicamente mais equilibrado.

ABSTRACT The Cerrado biome occupies 22% of Brazil's land area and has one of the highest levels of endemism of flora and fauna species of any biome. As components of the fauna, the arthropods stand out as they perform several functions within ecosystems and serve as bioindicators of environmental quality. This work aimed to evaluate the association of the arthropod fauna with tree canopies in an area surrounding a fragment of a legal reserve adjacent to a coffee plantation. The study was conducted at the Juliana farm (18°43'29"S; 47°29'55"W), located in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The canopy net methodology was used, in which a net bag was wrapped around the branches and shaken five times, covering the four cardinal directions in the crowns of 20 trees. The contents of the net were placed in plastic bags, sealed, identified, and taken to the laboratory. Twelve monthly collections were performed between August 2018 and July 2019, for a total of 240 samples. The collected specimens were identified in taxonomic groups using a taxonomic key. During the sampling period, 804 individuals were collected, belonging to 56 taxa of the classes Arachnida and Insecta. Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) was the most representative tree species, with 50% of the sampled taxa found in its branches. The order Araneae and the families Asilidae and Tephritidae (Diptera) and Formicidae (Hymenoptera) were the predominant taxa in the faunistic analysis. As potential predators, Araneae and Formicidae were the most important groups and were found in all tree species sampled. The families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) were the most common among the parasitoids. We conclude that the legal reserve and permanent preservation areas maintain populations of tree species that can generate a survival site for natural enemies and other canopy arthropods.

RESUMEN El Cerrado ocupa el 22% de la superficie terrestre de Brasil y tiene uno de los niveles más altos de endemismo de fauna y flora en comparación con otros biomas. Como componentes de la fauna se destacan los artrópodos, los cuales realizan varias funciones dentro de los ecosistemas y pueden servir como indicadores ambientales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación de la fauna de artrópodos con las copas de los árboles en un área de borde de un fragmento de bosque perteneciente a una reserva natural adyacente a una plantación de café. El estudio se realizó en la finca Juliana (18°43'29 "S; 47°29'55" O), ubicada en el municipio de Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se adaptó la metodología de red de dosel para realizar la colecta de especímenes. Se envolvió una bolsa de red alrededor de las ramas de copas de 20 árboles y se agitó cinco veces, cubriendo los cuatro puntos cardinales. El contenido de la red se colocó en bolsas plásticas que luego de selladas e identificadas fueron llevadas al laboratorio. Se realizaron doce colectas mensuales entre agosto de 2018 y julio de 2019, totalizando 240 muestras. Los grupos taxonómicos a los que pertenecían los especímenes colectados fueron identificados utilizando una clave taxonómica. Se colectaron 804 individuos pertenecientes a 56 taxones de las clases Arachnida e Insecta. Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) fue la especie arbórea más representativa, conteniendo en sus ramas el 50% de los taxones colectados. El orden Araneae y las familias Asilidae y Tephritidae (Diptera) y Formicidae (Hymenoptera) fueron los taxones predominantes en el análisis faunístico. Los depredadores potenciales Araneae y Formicidae fueron los grupos más conspicuos, encontrándose en todas las especies de árboles analizadas. Las familias Braconidae e Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) fueron las más comunes entre los parasitoides. Concluimos que la reserva natural y las áreas de preservación permanente mantienen poblaciones de especies arbóreas que pueden generar espacios de supervivencia para enemigos naturales y otros artrópodos del dosel.

ABSTRACT This study aims to report the occurrence of Heilipus draco in seeds of Ocotea puberula, and to describe the main injuries caused to the seeds and the effects on germination, as well as the occurrence of parasitoid hymenopterans. To this end, fruits of seven trees were selected, in the extreme south of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Fruit collection was carried out weekly in the middle third of the canopy, forming lots, from the beginning of fruit formation until total dehiscence, for two years. In order to examine the damage caused by the granivorous insects inside the fruits, 100 fruits were sectioned taking into account the batch/year with the aid of a scalpel and analyzed using a binocular stereomicroscope. In the same way, 144 fruits from each lot/year were stored individually in transparent plates in order to verify the occurrence and identification of species of granivorous insects. The proof of the influence of the injury caused to the seeds by the granivorous insects was carried out by the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds, comparing seeds with and without oviposition holes. The species H. draco was found to be associated with the fruits of O. puberula. The egg-layings are endophytic, carried out directly on the seed. Larval parasitism of Hymenoptera Bracon, Omeganastatus, Scambus and Triapsis was observed. It is concluded that the cycle from egg to adult takes place inside the seed of O. puberula, and the injuries caused by the larvae decrease germination.

Abstract In the larval stage, bruchines can cause several damages to the seeds of their host plants due to the consumption of the embryo. The aim of this study was to identify the species of seed-feeding insects in Senna corymbosa (Fabaceae) and quantify the damage caused to seeds. For this purpose, ripe fruits of S. corymbosa were collected monthly from May to August 2014. The fruits were stored in containers to obtain the adult insects and quantify the damage to the seeds. A total of 3,548 seed beetles emerged from the fruits, around 89% belonging to Sennius lateapicalis. Insects consume up to 43.2% of the internal seed content. Moreover, the seed beetles Hymenoptera parasitoids emerged. In this study, seed-feeding insects are recorded for the first time in S. corymbosa. In addition, it contributes to describing fruits and seeds, as well as associated bruchine species and the damage they cause to seeds.

ABSTRACT: World production of pecan Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae) is led by the United States. In Brazil, especially in the Rio Grande do Sul State, there has been an expansion of the planted area in recent years. Despite this expansion of pecan culture, there is a lack of research on entomofauna associated with pecan and on cultural practices which aids in Integrated Pest Management. This study aimed to evaluate the arthropod fauna in the canopies of C. illinoinensis trees grown under different soil management practices in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A randomized design was used with five blocks and four treatments: planting in small pits of 20 × 60 cm (Sp) using a subsoiler with a leveling grader/shank, planting in small pits (Ssp) using a rotary tiller (Tsp), and planting in large pits of 40 × 60 cm (Lp). A total of 7,617 specimens were collected from November 2014 to May 2015 from the young pecan canopies. Among the 150 taxonomic groups identified, Coleoptera was the most taxonomically rich order. The blackmargined aphid Monellia caryella (Hemiptera: Aphididae) had the greatest abundance. Hymenopteran parasitoids and Coccinellidae spp. were among the natural pest enemies detected. We conclude that the arthropod fauna found in the young pecan canopies is similarly diverse among the different soil managements, with a predominance of pest species M. caryella in all the evaluated areas.

RESUMO: A produção mundial de noz-pecã Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae) é liderada pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, em especial no Rio Grande do Sul, houve uma expansão da área plantada com a cultura nos últimos anos. No entanto, faltam pesquisas relacionadas à entomofauna associada à noz-pecã, bem como práticas culturais que auxiliem no Manejo Integrado de Pragas, mesmo havendo uma expansão da cultura. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a fauna de artrópodes na copa de plantas de C. illinoinensis, submetido a diferentes manejos de solo, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco blocos e quatro tratamentos: plantio em cova pequena, com 20 × 60 cm (Sp); utilização de subsolador mais grade niveladora e cova pequena (Ssp); utilização de enxada rotativa e cova pequena (Tsp); e plantio em cova grande, com 40 × 60 cm (Lp). De novembro de 2014 a maio de 2015, foram coletadas 7.617 espécimes nas copas de árvores jovens de nogueira-pecã. Foram identificados 150 grupos taxonômicos, sendo Coleoptera a ordem com maior riqueza de espécies. Monellia caryella (Hemiptera: Aphididae) apresentou elevada densidade. Foram registrados os inimigos naturais himenópteros parasitoides e Coccinellidae. Conclui-se que a artropodofauna em copas de plantas jovens de nogueira-pecã apresenta diversidade similar entre os tratamentos e predomínio de M. caryella nas áreas avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Forest species can have their seeds damaged by granivorous insects, especially by those in their larval stage. In this context, this study aims to report the occurrence of Amblycerus species in Cordia trichotoma seeds, to describe their main damage to seeds and effects on germination, as well as their associated hymenopteran parasitoids. Therefore, seven trees were selected in the municipality of Taquaruçu do Sul, RS, Brazil. Fruits were collected weekly from the medium third of the tree crown, from the beginning of their formation until total dehiscence. To examine the damage caused by granivorous insects within the fruits, 15 fruits from each tree were sectioned with a scalpel. Furthermore, 10 fruits from each tree were stored individually in clear plates to verify the occurrence and identification of granivorous insect species. Evidence of the damage caused to seeds was verified through the germination test by comparing preserved and damaged seeds, with four repetitions of 25 seeds each. The species Amblycerus longesuturalis and Amblycerus profaupar (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) were found associated with fruits of C. trichotoma. Female insects predominantly laid eggs on the superior part between the marcescent calyx and the fruit, and larvae perforated the fruit tegument to start consuming seed embryos and reserves. Bruquine larvae are parasitized by Hymenoptera of Bracon, Mirax, Omeganastatus and Triapsis genera. In conclusion, the germination of C. trichotoma seeds is significantly affected by emergence orifices caused by granivorous species.

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem incentivado o cultivo de pecãs para atender a demanda do mercado nacional e internacional de nozes. Novas variedades genéticas de pecãs foram selecionadas nos últimos anos, mas informações científicas disponíveis sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxinas na literatura internacional estão desatualizadas. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou quantificar e identificar a microbiota fúngica e a presença de aflatoxinas em nozes cultivadas no sul do Brasil. Cinquenta e dois lotes de nozes (variedade Barton) foram obtidos de produtores de 19 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e analisados por meio de Ágar Dicloran Glicerol 18% (DG18) e Aspergillus Flavus e Parasiticus Agar (AFPA), após incubação em 25 °C durante 7 dias. Análises de aflatoxinas foram realizadas usando HPLC acoplado a um espectrômetro de massa. Os resultados revelaram pelo menos 10 gêneros diferentes de fungos. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium e Cladosporium foram predominantes. Espécies xerofílicas de Aspergillus (A. wentii, A. ruber, A. pseudoglaucus e A. chevalieri) foram comumente encontradas nas amostras. Nenhuma espécie potencial produtora de aflatoxinas foi isolada e nenhuma aflatoxina foi detectada (LOQ=1 μg/kg e LOD=0,1 μg/kg para AFB1 e AFB2; e 0,3 μg/kg para AFG1 e AFG2) nas amostras avaliadas. A ausência desse grupo carcinogênico de micotoxinas é altamente positiva e pode impulsionar os investimentos no setor, além de estimular a comercialização e o consumo dessa variedade de nozes.

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Brazil has encouraged the cultivation of pecans to meet both demands of domestic and international market of nuts. New genetic varieties of pecans have been selected in recent years, but available scientific information on the occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins in the international literature is out of date. Therefore, the present study aimed to quantify and identify fungal microbiota and the presence of aflatoxins in pecan nuts cultivated in southern Brazil. Fifty-two pecan nut lots (Barton variety) were obtained from producers from 19 cities of Rio Grande do Sul State and analyzed by direct plating in Agar Dichloran Glycerol 18% (DG18) and Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA), following incubation at 25 °C for 7 days. Aflatoxins analyses were carried out using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometer. Results revealed at least 10 different genera of fungi. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Cladosporium were predominant. Xerophilic species of Aspergillus (A. wentii, A. ruber, A. pseudoglaucus, and A. chevalieri) were commonly reported in the samples. No potential aflatoxin-producing species was isolated and no aflatoxins were detected (LOQ=1 μg/kg and LOD=0.1 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFB2, and 0.3 μg/kg for AFG1 and AFG2) in the evaluated samples. The absence of this carcinogenic group of mycotoxins is highly positive and could boost the investments in the sector, as well as stimulate the commercialization and consumption of this variety of nut.

RESUMO As áreas plantadas com nogueira-pecã Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) vêm crescendo em todo o Brasil, principalmente na região Sul. Com isso aumentam os riscos de incidência de pragas e doenças. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou revisar aspectos importantes relacionados à cultura da nogueira-pecã, com ênfase nas espécies-praga e espécies benéficas de artrópodes, relatadas na sua região de origem e no Brasil. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico notam-se poucos registros de espécies-praga nocivas à cultura, grande parte, 18 espécies, são registradas para o Rio Grande do Sul, constituindo-se como uma ínfima parcela quando traçado um comparativo com as espécies já registradas e estudadas nos Estados Unidos, país de origem da espécie Carya illinoinensis, que soma mais de 66 espécies-praga, entre insetos e ácaros. Dentre as espécies-praga que merecem destaque estão o pulgão Monellia caryella, as espécies de filoxeras Phylloxera devastatrix e Phylloxera notabilis, pois são espécies que ocorrem tanto no Rio Grande do Sul, quanto nas regiões de origem da nogueira-pecã, causando danos às folhas das plantas. Ao mesmo tempo que se verifica uma alta diversidade de espécies-praga para a pecanicultura, é possível observar, tanto nos Estados Unidos quanto no Brasil, especialmente no Rio Grande do Sul, uma gama de potenciais predadores e parasitoides das espécies nocivas à Carya illinoinensis. Portanto, sugere-se a utilização do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, com estudos futuros que priorizem a manutenção de agentes de controle biológico existentes nas áreas de plantio, buscando garantir nozes de qualidade e em quantidade satisfatória, preservando a saúde do consumidor e do pomar.

ABSTRACT The areas cultivated with pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), have been growing mainly in the southern region of Brazil. Along with it, the risks of diseases and plagues rise. Thus, the present study aimed at revising important aspects of the pecan culture, with an emphasis at plague species and beneficial species of arthropods related to their original region and in Brazil. From a bibliographical survey, a few records about plague-species harmful to the culture are found, from which, 18 species, are registered in Rio Grande do Sul, being a very small number when compared to the species already registered and studied in the United States, the original country of the Carya illinoinensis species, which are more than 66 plague-species, among insects and mite. Among the plague-species which deserve attention are the mite Monellia caryella, the species of phylloxera Phylloxera devastatrix and Phylloxera notabilis, because they are species that happen to be registered in both in the United States and the original regions of pecan tree, causing damage to the plant leaves. At the same time a high diversity of plaguespecies harmful to the pecan culture is found, it is possible to observe both in the United States and in Brazil, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a variety of potential predators and parasitoids to the harmful species to Carya illinoinensis. Thus, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is suggested, with further studies that prioritize the maintenance of biological control agents existing in the planting area, searching to ensure nuts in quality and satisfactory amount, preserving the consumer and the orchard health.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to characterize the composition of the soil macrofauna in non-mined and mined areas recovered with native vegetation, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden and Acacia mearnsii De Wild. plantations, in a coal mine. Five areas were evaluated, namely, three non-mined areas and two mined and recovered areas. Six soil samples per area were collected using a 10x10 cm circular probe, every month during one year. Defragmentation of the soil and removal of specimens was carried out in a laboratory. A total of 3,195 specimens from 11 taxa were collected. The most abundant groups were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera. There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between the total abundance of Isoptera and Coleoptera with some meteorological variables. The recovery process of the mined areas with black-wattle and eucalyptus plantations proved to be efficient because there was similarity of macrofauna groups between the non-mined, mined and native vegetation areas.

RESUMO A cultura do eucalipto tornou-se uma importante atividade econômica no Brasil, no entanto, com o aumento das áreas de plantio, os problemas entomológicos tendem a aumentar nas mesmas proporções. Neste sentido, torna-se necessário o constante monitoramento dos insetos associados a esses sistemas de plantios homogêneos, buscando o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o levantamento populacional da entomofauna associada a plantios de Eucalyptus spp., em São Francisco de Assis - RS. As coletas foram realizadas por meio de armadilhas luminosas no período de julho de 2008 a agosto de 2009, em talhões de três anos de idade, com as espécies: Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Os insetos coletados foram analisados através dos índices de frequência, abundância, constância e diversidade. Realizou-se ainda a correlação entre as espécies-praga identificadas e as variáveis meteorológicas do período. Foram coletados 3.623 indivíduos distribuídos em oito ordens (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea e Odonata), identificando-se três espécies e três gêneros de lepidópteros desfolhadores considerados de importância econômica: Automeris illustris, Eupseudosoma sp., Sabulodes sp., Sarsina sp., Thyrinteina arnobia e Agrotis ipsilon. e a coleobroca Phoracantha semipunctata. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que existem espécies-praga importantes da cultura de Eucalyptus já estabelecidas na região, necessitando, portanto, de monitoramento constante para que estas espécies não ocasionem danos aos plantios.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of eucalyptus has become an important economic activity in Brazil. However, with the increase of the plantation areas, some entomological problems tend to increase in the same proportion. The constant monitoring of the insects associated with homogeneous planting systems is very important in order to seek the development of programs for integrated pest management. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform a survey on the insect populations associated with Eucalyptus spp., in São Francisco de Assis, RS. The collects were carried out by light traps from July 2008 to August 2009 in three-year-old stands with the species: Eucalyptus dunni, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. The insects collected were analyzed using the faunistic indices, frequency, abundance, diversity, and constancy. The correlation between the pest species identified and the meteorological variables for the period were also performed. We collected 3623 individuals belonging to eight orders (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Odonata). Three species and three genus of lepidoptera defoliators considered of economic importance were identified: Automeris illustris, Eupseudosoma sp., Sabulodes sp., Sarsina sp., Thyrinteina arnobia and Agrotis ipsilon as well as the borer Phoracantha semipunctata. Our results show that there are important pest species of Eucalyptus already established in the region therefore some constant monitoring is required so that these species do not cause damage to plantations.

RESUMO O estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas no controle de Thaumastocoris peregrinus em laboratório. Para tanto, 15 plantas de Eucalyptus dunnii receberam aplicações a campo de: imidacloprido - 78,8 (g/ha), tiametoxam - 37,5 (g/ha), lambda-cialotrina+tiametoxam - 21,2+25,8 (g/ha), lambda-cialotrina - 24,9 (g/ha), e somente água (testemunha). Para determinar a eficiência dos inseticidas, utilizou-se o teste de confinamento, onde folhas de E. dunnii foram pulverizadas uma única vez, e em seguida, coletadas em dois períodos distintos. Em laboratório, foram utilizadas oito folhas para ninfas e oito para adultos, por tratamento, individualizadas em placas de petri; cada repetição recebeu 10 exemplares da espécie. As avaliações da sobrevivência foram realizadas no segundo, quarto, vigésimo segundo e vigésimo quarto dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). Conclui-se que os inseticidas testados, nas suas respectivas doses, apresentam eficiência de controle de ninfas e adultos de T. peregrinus.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the control efficiency of insecticides on Thaumastocoris peregrinus in the laboratory conditions. Therefore, 15 plants of Eucalyptus dunnii received the follow field spray: imidacloprid (78.8g ai / ha), thiamethoxam (37.5g ai / ha), lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (21.2 + 25.8g ai / ha), lambda-cyhalothrin (24.9g ai / ha), and the untreated control only water. To determine the insecticides efficiency, we used a containment test, with E. dunnii leaves sprayed and collected at two different times. In the laboratory was used eight reps of leaves to adult and eight to nymphs by treatment individually placed in petri dishes; each repetition received 10 insect specimens. Assessments of alive insects were carried out at second, fourth, twentieth, twenty-fourth days after spray treatment (DAT). We conclude that the insecticides tested, on respective rate, presented efficient control of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults.

Leptoglossus stigma, Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) y Loxa deducta (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), fueron encontrados atacando frutos de Carya illinoinensis (Junglandaceae), en dos plantaciones con diez años de edad, localizadas en áreas del municipio de Paraíso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los registros fueron realizados en marzo de 2014 para las especies del género Leptoglossus y en marzo de 2015, para Loxa deducta. Este es el primer registro de estas especies de chinches Coreidae y Pentatomidae consumiendo frutos de nogal pecanero en el país.

Leptoglossus stigma, Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Loxa deducta (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), have been found attacking Carya illinoinensis (Junglandaceae) fruit, in two 10-year-old plantings, located in areas in the city of Paraíso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The record was made in March, 2014, concerning the species from genus Leptoglossus and, in March, 2015, Loxa deducta. This represents, therefore, the first record of these Coreidae and Pentatomidae species bugs-feed on pecan tree fruit in the country.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de controle de plantas infestantes sobre a mirmecofauna em um plantio inicial de Eucalyptus grandis. Para tanto, em março de 2011 foi realizado o início da implantação da cultura, em uma área localizada no município de Santa Maria - RS. Os seis tratamentos constituíram-se em controle químico total de plantas infestantes, na linha e na entrelinha de plantio, com glifosato (T1); controle químico total de plantas infestantes, na linha de plantio, com glifosato (T2); controle químico de monocotiledôneas na linha e entrelinha de plantio, com setoxidim (T3); controle químico de dicotiledôneas na linha e entrelinha de plantio, com bentazona (T4); controle químico total de plantas infestantes em faixa de um metro paralela à linha de plantio, com glifosato, e de um metro na parte central da entrelinha, sem controle (T5); e testemunha, sem controle de plantas infestantes (T6). O levantamento da mirmecofauna foi realizado no período de um ano utilizando-se três métodos de coleta: isca atrativa, armadilha de solo e funil de Berlese, com seis repetições por tratamento, em cada data de coleta. Nesse período foram coletadas 46.675 formigas, distribuídas em 37 espécies, não sendo verificada diferença significativa entre o total de espécimens coletados. Na área do tratamento constituído pelo controle de plantas infestantes somente na linha de plantio verificou-se eficiência amostral de 99,0% e S obs = 35. Entre os índices de Diversidade de Shannon (H'), destacou-se o valor encontrado para a área do tratamento T2 (H'= 1,34) em detrimento dos valores das áreas nas quais foram instalados os tratamentos T1 (H'= 1,25) e T5 (H'= 1,23). Havendo assim, uma maior coexistência de espécies de formigas entre as áreas com estrutura florística menos alterada e entre as áreas mais simplificadas. Não tendo sido verificada correlação significativa (r = 0,0463) entre a riqueza de espécies de formigas coletadas e o número de plantas infestantes encontradas ao final do experimento. Assim, conclui-se que os efeitos indiretos da ação dos herbicidas afetam mais a composição local de espécies de formigas do que sua riqueza.

The aim of this study was to evaluated the effects of different types of weed control on the ant fauna in an initial planting of Eucalyptus grandis. Therefore, in march of 2011 was performed the implantation of culture, in an area located in the city of Santa Maria - RS. The six treatments were constituted by the total chemical control of weeds in row and interrow planting, with glyphosate (T1); total chemical control of weeds in the crop row, with glyphosate (T2); chemical control of monocotyledonous in row and interrow planting, with sethoxydim (T3); chemical control of dicotyledonous line interrow and planting, with bentazone (T4); total chemical control of weeds in a yard track parallel to the row, with glyphosate, and a meter in the central part of interrow without control (T5); and without control weeds (T6). The survey of the ant fauna was conducted in one year using three collection methods: attractive bait, trap soil and Berlese funnel, with six replicates per treatment in each collection date. In this period were collected 46,675 ants, belonging to 37 species, there being no significant difference between the total specimens collected. In the area of treatment consists of the control of weeds in the crop row only verified efficiency of 99.0% and sample S obs = 35. Among the indices of Shannon Diversity (H'), highlighted the value found for the area of treatment T2 (H'= 1.34) at the expense of the values of the areas where they were installed the T1 (H'= 1,25) and T5 (H'= 1,23). Having thus a higher co-existence of ant species between the areas with changed structure less flora, and between the areas most simplified. There were significant correlation (r = 0.0463) between the species richness of ants collected and the number of weeds found at the end of the experiment. Thus, we conclude that the indirect effects of the herbicides affect more the local composition ant species than his richness.

O Eucalyptus grandis destaca-se como uma das espécies mais cultivadas no Brasil em razão de sua produtividade e da qualidade da madeira. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a coleopterofauna edáfica em um plantio inicial de E. grandis sob diferentes sistemas de controle de plantas daninhas em Santa Maria, RS, utilizando-se armadilhas de solo. Os tratamentos avaliados basearam-se no controle químico de plantas daninhas: total, na linha e entrelinha de plantio (CT); total, na linha de plantio (CL); monocotiledôneas, na linha e entrelinha de plantio (CM); dicotiledôneas, na linha e entrelinha de plantio (CD); em faixas, com controle de um metro ao lado da linha de plantio, deixando-se um metro na entrelinha sem controle (CF); e sem controle (SC). No período de março de 2011 a agosto de 2012 foram coletados 1,190 coleópteros, distribuídos em sete famílias. Houve diferença entre a coleopterofauna edáfica capturada nos tratamentos avaliados. A aplicação de uma menor quantidade de herbicidas mantém a diversidade vegetal, possibilitando maior diversidade de coleópteros na área.

Eucalyptus grandis stands out as one of the most cultivated species in Brazil because of its productivity and wood quality. The objective of this study was to assess the edaphic coleopteran fauna in an initial planting of E. grandis under different systems of weed control in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, using pitfall traps. The treatments were based on the chemical control of weeds: total, in and between planting rows (CT); total, in the planting row (CL); monocotyledons, in and inter-rows (CM); dicotyledons, in and inter-rows (CD); control of one meter next to the planting row, leaving one meter between rows without control (CF); and without control (SC) . From March 2011 to August 2012, 1190 beetles of seven families were collected. There were differences between the edaphic coleopteran fauna captured in the evaluated treatments. The application of a smaller amount of herbicide maintains plant diversity, allowing greater diversity of beetle fauna in the area.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do fogo sobre a fauna de formigas associada à Pinus elliottii Engelm. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, numa área experimental junto ao Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em um plantio de um hectare de Pinus elliottii com 28 anos de idade e espaçamento de 2 m x 2 m, no qual ocorreu um incêndio ao final de novembro de 2008. Um mês após, iniciou-se uma amostragem da fauna de formigas, concluída em novembro de 2009. Utilizou-se o método de interceptação de insetos perambulantes através do uso de armadilhas de solo sem atrativo, distribuídas no centro do povoamento, sendo dispostas 10 armadilhas em transecto linear simples, em intervalos de 10 metros permanecendo enterradas por 48 horas. Ao final deste período, o material biológico foi acondicionado em potes plásticos e encaminhado ao laboratório para triagem, onde as formigas foram separadas em morfoespécies e prosseguiram para identificação. A partir dos levantamentos foram encontradas 25 espécies de formigas distribuídas em onze gêneros, oito tribos e quatro subfamílias. Destas, as que apresentaram maiores frequências de ocorrência em suas respectivas subfamílias foram Pseudomyrmex termitarius (46,7%), Acromyrmex crassispinus e Pachycondyla striata (ambas com 35,8%), e Camponotus blandus (25,0%). O fogo é um agente de distúrbio ambiental por vezes significativo, causando efeitos positivos e negativos sobre a fauna edáfica. Sua ação pode ter gerado efeito indireto negativo sobre Crematogaster victima e positivo sobre Pseudomyrmex termitarius, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Pachycondyla striata e Camponotus blandus presentes no sub-bosque de Pinus elliottii, pós-incêndio.

This work aimed at assessing the effect of fire over an ant fauna associated to Pinus elliottii Engelm. The study was developed in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in an experimental area next to the Campus of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), in a 28-year-old plantation of an hectare of Pinus elliottii, spacing 2m x 2m, on which a fire happened in the end of November, 2008. One month later, an ant fauna sampling was initiated, being concluded in November, 2009. The method of interception of wandering insects has been used through soil traps without attraction, distributed in the center of the population, being prepared 10 traps in simple linear transection, in intervals of 10 meters that remained buried for 48 hours. After such period, the biological material was packed in plastic pots, transported to the laboratory for a triage, where the ants were separated into morphospecies and proceeded to identification. From the surveys, 25 ant species were found, distributed in eleven genera, eight tribes and four subfamilies. From these, the ones who presented the biggest occurrence frequencies in their respective subfamilies were Pseudomyrmex termitarius (46,7%), Acromyrmex crassispinus, and Pachycondyla striata (both with 35,8%), and Camponotus blandus (25,0%). Fire is an agent of environmental disturbance many times significant, causing positive and negative effects over the edaphic fauna. Its action might have caused a negative indirect effect over Crematogaster victima and positive over Pseudomyrmex termitarius, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Pachycondyla striata and Camponotus blandus present in the understory of Pinus elliottii, after the fire.